Xenia in the Odyssey Essay - 760 Words

The concept of guest hospitality is extremely important in ancient Greece. Hospitality, or Xenia, is so essential in Greek society that Zeus, in addition to being the king of the Gods, is also the God of travelers (Wikipedia). This created an obligation for the host to be hospitable to their guests, and conversely, the guests had their own responsibilities as well. If either the host or the guest was to break any rule set by Xenia, there would be severe penalties dealt by Zeus and also by society (Wikipedia). In The Odyssey, Xenia is a theme which is shown repeatedly throughout the book: Nestor and Menelaos take in Telemakhos warmly as a guest and Eumaios plays an excellent host to Odysseus, while Odysseus is disguised as a wandering†¦show more content†¦However, the suitors did the worst thing a guest could do and, although in vain, plotted to kill Telemakhos as they feared that he would return from his trip to Pylos and Sparta with news of Odysseus. This is perhaps the big gest violation of Xenia that a guest can possibly commit and is punishable by death. In addition to overstaying their welcome and basically taking over the palace as their own, they also treated other guests of the palace poorly despite being guests themselves. In Book XX, Odysseus returned to his palace disguised as a stranger when the suitors were enjoying one of their banquets. Odysseus went around collecting scraps from the suitors so that he would learn to distinguish the good from the bad among them. However, Odysseus inspection was not appreciated by Antinoos, and instead of giving him food as the others had done, he threw a stool at Odysseus, and struck him on the back (Greek Mythology Link). Without knowing it, the suitors, through Antinoos’ actions, had attacked their host which was another crime punishable by death. Certainly, the suitors were aware of the consequences of their actions. Otherwise, when Antinoos threw the stool at Odysseus, the others wouldn’t worry that Zeus could be in the guise of the beggar. The suitors have been going against the values of Xenia for so long that they knew it was a matter of time before they’re punished for their actions; it wasn’t merelyShow MoreRelatedXenia in the Odyssey1993 Words   |  8 PagesThe Importance of Xenia in The Odyssey and it’s Consequences One of the most important themes in The Odyssey is the concept of xenia, which is the old Greek word for hospitality. In modern times, hospitality is something we rarely think of, and the first thing that comes to mind is the hotel industry, but in ancient Greece, xenia was not about hotels, or just about etiquette, it was a way of life with many benefits in a world that was still mostly savage. Xenia was more than just being polite toRead MoreAnalysis Of Xenia And The Odyssey 889 Words   |  4 PagesSignificance of Xenia in the Works of Homer: Hospitality in the Illiad and the Odyssey The concept of Xenia was extremely significant in ancient Greek culture. As such, it played a prominent role in the works of authors, most specifically Homer. In fact, some of the most significant information we have about the concept of Xenia, as it relates to cultural norms come from the work of Homer, and the examples of hospitality demonstrated in the protagonist’s journeys in the Iliad and the Odyssey. More specificallyRead MoreWhy Is Xenia Such an Important Theme in the Odyssey?1211 Words   |  5 PagesWhy is Xenia such an important theme in the Odyssey? Explain your views and support them with details from the poem. (45 marks) The concept of guest hospitality was extremely important in ancient Greece. Evidence that Xenia was integral to Greek society can be found in the fact that Zeus, the king of the Gods, was also portrayed as the God of Xenia. Xenia created an obligation for the host to be hospitable to their guests, and conversely, the guests had their own responsibilities too. If eitherRead MoreGood and Bad Xenia in The Odyssey by Homer892 Words   |  4 Pagespresenting good xenia to guests. xenia is commonly used to portray hospitality or a guest/host relationship. xenia, is important in Ancient Greek society. Zeus is the God of travelers, in addition to being the king of the Gods. This forces for the host to feel obliged to treat their guests with much hospitality, and vice versa with guests, serving with high responsibility. Zeus would severely punish those who break the fine rules of xenia and hospitality. In the epic,â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer, thereRead MoreThe Significance of Xenia in Homer‚Äà ´s The Odyssey1261 Words   |  6 PagesKaitlyn Lambert MR. Bovaird Honors English 9 23 May 2010 The Significance of Xenia in Homer’s Odyssey The society of Ancient Greece was very much centered around the gods, and a healthy fear of the consequences of not obeying their laws. The next most important staples of the society were the concepts of braver, pride, and hospitality, or Xenia. The significance of these values is shown quite clearly in The Odyssey of Homer. In the first five books of the epic, Telemachos is shown great hospitalityRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Epic Of The Iliad And Odyssey903 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal narrative, I will analyze two themes from Homer’s epic’s pertaining to the Iliad and the Odyssey. I have chosen hospitality (Xenia) and shame (Aidos) as the subject of interest, and will focus on these as a main source of the topic. Xenia is the ancient Greek word for â€Å"hospitality†, which is the consideration and kindness shown to those who are far from home and/or associates of the person bestowing xenia upon them. The rituals of hospitality created and conveyed a reciprocal relationship betweenRead MoreHospitality As A Code Of Conduct1074 Words   |  5 Pages Hospitality was deeply embedded in ancient Greek culture. Hospitality was very important and seen as a code of conduct. The term used to describe the concept of Ancient Greek hospitality was xenia. Xenia is basically the generosity and courtesy shown to guests, strangers, or those far from home. Xenia consists of two rules. The first rule is from host to guest, in which the host must be hospitable to the guest and provide basic needs (food, drink, and a bath). The host also has to hold all questioningRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1368 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis of xenia in The Odyssey William Shakespeare, in Timon Of Athens Act III Scene line 39 writes : I charge thee, invite them all: let in the tide of knaves once more; my cook and I ll provide† Shakespeare is explaining to his readers that he will invite everyone in and he will cook for them meaning that he will provide everything to his guests. Similarly, in The Odyssey Odysseus without knowing it is providing for all the suitors with a home and food for endless days. The Odyssey has manyRead MoreXenia As A Major Key Of A Civilized Society896 Words   |  4 PagesXenia Hospitality is a very diverse tradition leading all the back to the Mycenaean era. During the time period of The Odyssey, the Greeks considered hospitality a major key of a well civilized society. Throughout The Odyssey, Xenia was an extremely significant theme which was recalled many times throughout the poems. Odysseus throughout the way has shown he is exceedingly hospitable. The Odyssey reflects Xenia through Odysseus’s journey of: Odyessus’s Crew, nymphs, and the Gods. Xenia was shownRead MoreFar Removed From Our Individualistic Society Today Is The1514 Words   |  7 Pagesindividualistic society today is the ancient Greece portrayed in The Odyssey, by Homer, where hospitality and good-will are a given in the lives of decent, moral people. As commanded by Zeus himself, those who wish the favor of the Gods must welcome foreign and domestic visitors with hospitality. The term developed to describe this concept is the Latin, xenia or guest-friendship. In ancient Greek literature, forms of the word xenia (ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ µÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±), are fairly common: Homer s two books, for example, contain

The Tempest Character Analysis - 1424 Words

â€Å"Good versus evil† is a theme in The Tempest, just as in many fantasy stories. The Tempest shows this theme though its characters. The most obvious pair of characters for this contrast is Ariel and Caliban. Ariel is good and Caliban is bad. This is a common opinion held by many scholars and critics, namely, Charles Boyce and Derek Traversi. However, there are many ways in which these two characters are similar—there are various parallels and similarities which are not always covered by critics. Neither character is purely good or purely evil—they are both round characters with many sides. When critics write on Ariel and Caliban, as noted previously, they point out a lot of things that cause them to seem like opposites. Charles Boyce†¦show more content†¦Some differences are that Caliban is called his â€Å"slave†: â€Å"We’ll visit Caliban, my slave,† and Ariel simply his â€Å"servant†: â€Å"Come away, servant, come!â €  (1.2.310) (1.2.187). However, in the end, Prospero has complete administration over these characters. Also, there are some similarities in how they each follow Prospero. Neither character blindly follows Prospero or does everything he wants without question. Caliban attempts (and, in some iterations of the play, succeeds) to directly disobey Prospero when he refuses to carry logs for him, but he gives in, in the end: Prospero: What ho! Slave! Caliban! / Thou earth, thou! Speak. Caliban: There’s wood enough within. (1.2.315-316) Prospero: Fetch us in fuel†¦or†¦I’ll rack thee with old cramps, / fill all thy bones with aches, make thee roar / That beasts shall tremble at thy din. Caliban: No, pray thee. / I must obey. (1.2.369-375) Later, he condemns his master and plots to kill him. Ariel questions Prospero and asks him for his freedom, but they resolve the issue in the same manner as the issue between Caliban and Prospero: Ariel: Is there more toil? Since thou dost give me pains, / Let me remember thee what thou hast promised, / Which is not yet performed me. Prospero: How now? Moody? / What canst thou demand? Ariel: My liberty. (1.2.242-245) Ariel: Pardon, master. / I will be correspondent to command (1.2.297-298)Show MoreRelatedThe Tempest Character Analysis1047 Words   |  5 Pagesperspective. In William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Prospero comes to realise not only the limitations of his power, but also the importance of love and redemption in redefining one’s place in the world, as well as one’s view of it. Theodore Melfi’s film Hidden Figures represents the importance of new perspectives on the familiar in order to realise the self, in the face of conflicting and controlling views towards casual racism and sexism. The Tempest, as its title suggests, is partly concernedRead MoreThe Tempest Character Analysis948 Words   |  4 Pagesget it. Yet it is how they obtain this power that shows their true nature. In The Tempest, Prospero and Alonso were born with their power, but other characters like Antonio, Sebastian, Stephano, etc. were not. They are jealous of these characters born with power so they conspire with other characters to take the power away from them. These conspiracies within The Tempest reveal the true nature of those characters. Antonio and Sebastian’s personalities are exposed while they conspire to gain theRead MoreA Character Comparison of Macbeth and Prospero from Shakespeares Macbeth and The Tempest676 Words   |  3 PagesThese two Shakespearean characters, Macbeth and Prospero, from Macbeth and The Tempest can greatly compare to one another. From the very beginning, these two men are hard to understand and seem like your average warrior and ruler. Both of these characters are dealing with struggle of power; however, they both deal with this issue in different, interesting ways with different results. At the end of these two plays, we meet two entirely different characters than the ones that we were introduced toRead More Conflict and Harmony in The Tempest Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesConflict and Harmony in The Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare describes a utopic world saturated with supernatural images and ideas which works to create the mysterious island where The Tempest takes place.   This is one of Shakespeares best examples of how a natural harmony reveals itself through the actions of discourse and confusion.   To illustrate this idea best one must examine the historical context upon which The Tempest is based.   Because this play was published in the early 1600sRead MoreEssay on Quest for Power In The Tempest1208 Words   |  5 PagesQuest for Power In The Tempest      Ã‚   I suggest that engraved into humanitys essence is the intense desire for power. William Shakespeares play, The Tempest not only depicts this concept, but breaks it down for the reader; enabling effective analysis of this concept. Through notable characterization, Shakespeare is able to convey key concepts regarding the idea of power versus ambition. Specifically, the role that ambition and the moderation of ones ambition play in the effectiveness of controlRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1229 Words   |  5 Pageswhen writing his play, The Tempest. One of Cohen’s theses though - thesis four â€Å"The Monster Dwells at the Gates of Difference† - appears quite prominently in Shakespeare’s work. The thesis articulates that monsters are divisive and often arise in a culture to make one group seem superior to another. Further, societies devise monsters in order to create a scapegoat for social and political inequities and instabilities that surface in that society. In Shakespeare’s The Tempest, the idea applies to CalibanRead MoreExamples of Shakepearian Revenge Tragedey in Othello and tragic Comedy in The Tempest1681 Words   |  7 Pagesis The Tempest. One of the most prominently occurring and important aspects of human nature that appears in Shakespeare’s work is the concept of revenge. In most of the tragic plays of Shakespeare, the avenger has his thoughts of committing revenge and towards the end causes his own downfall and also death and destruction of several other good and supporting characters. The main focus of this essay is to show how Revenge leads to Destruction in Shakespearean plays – Othello and The Tempest. The mainRead More Lost Illusions, Bitter Wisdom and Fragile Hope in The Tempest1274 Words   |  6 PagesLost Illusions, Bitter Wisdom and Fragile Hope in The Tempest   Ã‚   Is Shakespeare’s play, The Tempest, a drama of lost illusions, bitter wisdom and fragile hope? Before this question can be considered, one first has to interpret these terms. Perhaps bitter wisdom and fragile hope are fairly simple concepts to understand, lost illusions is somewhat less clear, particularly in the case of The Tempest.    There are three main interpretations of lost illusions that could be madeRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1705 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Mr. Nath 5 December 2014 The Tempest Written between 1610 and 1611, The Tempest by William Shakespeare is the final play penned by the famous Bard. The play portrays the illusory struggle of power and conscience through the character of Prospero and his egocentric motives. Politically, the play can be seen as an analysis of important political issues relevant to that of oppression and imperialistic tendencies of the time. Artistically, The Tempest emphasizes the nature of art, more prominentlyRead MoreEssay on Isolation of the Individual in Society in The Tempest1458 Words   |  6 PagesIndividual in Society in The Tempest In William Shakespeares play, The Tempest, characters such as Caliban, Prospero, Miranda and Ferdinand, experience varying degrees of consequences, due to their change in behaviour, while isolated from society. Although isolation from society affects the characters in different ways, some see it as being advantageous while others see it as being a curse. This essay will show how characters in The Tempest suffer consequences due

Civil Law Negligence in Tort Law

Question: Discuss about theCivil Law for Negligence in Tort Law. Answer: Introduction In the given scenario, we can clearly see that Rebecca sustained severe injuries due to the negligent behavior of Michelle. Michelle continued to drive her car in spite of the fact that she was in an inebriated state and driving under the influence of alcohol. So, Rebecca is well within her right to sue Michelle in a court of law for the injury sustained by her as a result of Michelles driving under the influence of alcohol. Michelle being the driver of the car owed a duty of care towards her friend and fellow passenger Rebecca which she clearly failed to perform. Thus, Michelle could be charged under the tort of negligence and she would be liable for the injury that has occurred to Rebecca in the first place. Thus, Rebecca has the right to claim compensation from Michelle for the injury and damages which has been sustained by her due to the gross negligence of Michelle (Oberdiek, 2008). Negligence in plain and simple terms merely denotes carelessness. However, in the legal context, the act of negligence essentially denotes that there has been a failure on the part of a person to exercise a standard of care which the perpetrator as a reasonable person should have exercised in those circumstances under which the accident took place. In the case scenario given before us, we can clearly see that the Michelle had a legal duty to take care of her co-passenger Rebecca when it was reasonably anticipated that failure to perform her duty was likely to cause injury to both Michelle and Rebecca. According to Winfield and Jolowicz, negligence is defined to be a breach of duty towards a person which results in some kind of damage or harm to the person who was under the duty of the person causing the harm. In other words, negligence is considered to be the omission of certain affirmative action which could be expected from a reasonable man and which has not been performed in a cer tain situation thereby resulting in grievous injury or damage to another person (Goldberg et al. 2008). Rebecca and Michelle were two friends who went to attend a performance called An Ever Oprah which has Oprah Winfrey. The performance was delayed owing to a ticketing issue and hence both the parties involved in the cases had engaged in activities like consumption of alcohol at a bar near their venue. During the time of the performance, Rebecca saw the condition of Michelle and realised the fact that Michelle was too drunk to drive her car properly. She was skeptical and doubtful about Michelles driving skills but nevertheless accepted Michelles offer of driving her to her home. When Michelle started driving dangerously, Rebecca cautioned her and asked her twice to step out of the car but she did not respond to her demands and continued to drive in an inebriated state under the influence of alcohol. Eventually, her negligent behavior led her to crash the car which resulted in a serious injury for Rebecca. Due to her negligent and rash driving, Rebecca broke her leg in the resulting accident (Mingyi, 2010). In order to prove her case in front of the courts, Rebecca needs to evidence to prove that that defendant (Michelle) was negligent and was therefore liable for the injuries sustained by Rebecca from the accident. There are various elements regarding the tort of negligence which Rebecca needs to prove if she wants to pursue her case and get compensation from Michelle for the damages and injuries which has been sustained by her from that accident. These elements are discussed below: Duty in Cases of negligence the verdict depends on consideration whether there was relationship of performing a duty towards the plaintiff by the defendant.The aspect of duty essentially arises because the law considers the relationship between the plaintiff and defendant and thus the court expects the defendant is obligated to act in a certain manner towards the plaintiff. The judgment is essentially going to be delivered by considering the fact whether Michelle owed a duty of care towards Rebecca and if it is ascertained that such a duty exists then the judgment will be delivered in Rebeccas favour (Van Dam, 2013). Breach of Duty this could be explained as negligence on the part of the person for fulfilling his/ her duty. A defendant is said to have the liability in such a scenario when he or she fails to fulfill duty towards the plaintiff. In this case it has been noticed that the defendant has been charged with breach of duty as the defendant could not exercise care while performing his duty towards the plaintiff. The breach of duty is essentially determined by a jury as a question of fact. If in the present scenario, the court finds Michelle guilty of breaching her duty towards Rebecca, she is like to face charges for drunken driving and Michelle has to pay compensation to Rebecca for the injuries sustained in that accident (Deakin et al. 2012). Cause in Fact This is also termed as the but for causation. In this case, the plaintiff tries to prove that the injury would not have occurred in the first place had the defendant acted in more responsible manner. It must be proved in the courts that the defendant actions were solely responsible for the injury that have been sustained by the plaintiff and only then can the plaintiff claim compensation from the defendant for the injuries sustained by her. Proximate Cause Proximate cause essentially determines the scope of a defendant's responsibility in any case of negligence. A defendant in a negligence case is only responsible for those harms that the defendant could have foreseen through his/her actions. If the damages caused are beyond the scope of the risks which could have been foreseen, then the plaintiff would not be able to prove that the injuries sustained by them were solely caused due to the defendants actions (Oberdiek, 2008). Damages In any negligence case, the failure to exercise reasonable care must result in actual damages to that person whom the defendant owed a duty of care. This legally recognised harm could be in the form of physical injury to the plaintiff or damage to their property. If Rebecca is able to prove that she was suffered actual harm due to the irresponsibility of Michelle, then she can definitely sue her and claim compensation for her injuries (Lunney Oliphant, 2008). References Mingyi, Y. E. (2010). The Differentiation Between Intention and Negligence in Tort Law and Its Significance [J]. Science of Law (Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law), 4, 013. Van Dam, C. (2013). European tort law. OUP Oxford. Goldberg, J. C., Sebok, A. J., Zipursky, B. C. (2008). Tort Law: Responsibilities and Redress. Aspen Publishers. Anson, W. R., Beatson, J., Burrows, A. S., Cartwright, J. (2010). Anson's law of contract. Oxford University Press. Deakin, S. F., Johnston, A., Markesinis, B. S. (2012). Markesinis and Deakin's tort law. Oxford University Press. Lunney, M., Oliphant, K. (2008).Tort law: text and materials. Oxford University Press. Oberdiek, J. (2008). Philosophical issues in tort law. Philosophy Compass, 3(4), 734-748. Swisher, P. N. (2011). Virginia Should Abolish the Archaic Tort Defense of Contributory Negligence and Adopt a Comparative Negligence Defense in Its Place. U. Rich. L. Rev., 46, 359.

Terrorism Essays (1852 words) - War On Terror, Organized Crime

Terrorism Terrorism vs. Terrorism On an early Tuesday morning, many families arose for another typical day. Unaware of a nearing attack, they carried out their daily routine. Tragically, instead of taking their children to school and going to work, they would be cowering for their lives. Attacks carried out by terrorists destroyed their homes and places of work. These terrorists came from a foreign nation, and attacked from the sky. They did not attack in hopes of pleasing a god, or to have family members released from prison. Instead, they came with F-16 fighter jets representing the United States of America, in hopes for keeping a steady cash and oil flow to their nation. To many citizens across the Arab nations, the people of the United States are the terrorists. Their families have been killed, and their lives destroyed. In turn, they retaliate with suicide bombers and other fighters claiming revenge and praise from their god Allah. Who then, is the terrorist? The United States and its allies have seemingly been attacked repeatedly and unprovoked. From the 1980's to present, the United States has dealt with the wrath of terrorism. From hijacked aircraft, to bombing of sovereign US buildings, terrorists have tried to get their message across to their enemies by wreaking havoc. One must look at why the United States is perceived as the bad guy and what motives the terrorists have for destroying it, and its allies. In October and April of 1983, Americans were greeted by what would be a start of numerous terrorist acts against the United States. In Beirut, a car bomb exploded in front of the U.S. embassy killing seventeen Americans. Then, in a separate attack in Beirut, over 250 American soldiers were killed, and more than one hundred others were wounded. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for both, calling the bombing part of the Islamic revolution (Goodson, 52). A Jihad, as defined by the Koran, is a holy war. According to terrorists, the holy war must be waged against the infidel, the United States of America. To some Arabs, the holy war is a farce, and is a travesty to all Arabs. To terrorists and people like Bin Laden, it is a justified war that will continue until their mission is complete. Their only motives are to kill their enemy. They do not need a justified reason, just an excuse for ridding their land of evil people. Although the United States imposed some financial and social power in the Arab nations, is this carnage necessary? The Arabs, however, did not care. In June of 1985, Trans World Airlines (TWA) Flight 847 from Athens to Rome was hijacked by a group of men. Their mission, although failed, was once again in the name of an Islamic Jihad, or Holy War. This war would be an ever-lasting mission to rid the world of evil (the allies and citizens of the US). Why the United States, many people ask? Leaders such as Moammar Gadhafi of Libya, and Usama Bin Laden of Saudi Arabia despise western influence in the Arab world. They feel and have stated that the United States tries to impose its culture, and its financial power in their land. With US oil, clothing, and food companies in the Arab nations, the Arab leaders believe that the US is soiling their great land (Beres, 15). They feel that their only way to expunge them is by killing. Just the presence of the United States was not enough to anger the Arab extremists. The multiple attacks that have been targeted at the United States were in retaliation for the United States' actions. In the hopes of keeping oil prices low, and maintaining diplomacy abroad, the United States has sent troops and planes abroad to keep control. These actions led to destruction of cities, and the loss of thousands of lives; both civilian and military. In 1986 Libyan terrorists blew up a German discoth?que killing an American soldier. The United States could not stand idly by. Days later, America launched a series of air strikes in hopes of wiping out Gadhafi, and his followers. According to the Libyans, the strikes failed, and killed hundreds of civilians instead of militants. For three years, Libya

puritan dilemma essays

puritan dilemma essays There are many different reasons why migrations from the early days up to present time took place as they did. Why would people leave their place of birth or their place of comfort Thats the big question! Just like John Winthrop and his puritan believers they left England to form the America we know now, which In their eyes was New England. To begin this essay lets start of with the obvious, one reason the puritans migrated was because of the way they felt about how they viewed religion and how the church of England functioned . From the beginning all puritans wanted to do was purify the church. They wanted ministers to teach , simplify rituals so every one could understand the masses whether you were in high class or in the low class. They also believed the church of England thought they were highest authority , in which the puritans disagreed because they believed the bible was the righteous authority. They wanted not to only purify the church but to teach every men the righteous way, the way of the teaching of the bible. Within these large group of puritans like in any other group you had your extremist puritans and then the more liberal puritans you might say. The liberals they really believed that the church of England could be saved and reformed but the only problem with that was people could of thought it was a act of treason going and disagreeing with the church. Up to this point the church of England was the most powerful hierarchy in England , some would argue even more powerful than the King or Queen of England. However the extremist were called the Separatists. These were people who gave up on any possibility that the church would be reformed in any way of their liking, the separatists were also the first group of people to migrate to New England later would be called pilgrims, the Massachusetts Bay Company voyage to New England was the first voyage along with John Winthrop to be successful. Some priests ...

The Bre-X Gold Scandal, History and Resources

The Bre-X Gold Scandal, History and Resources Start with the biggest deposit of gold ever reported, in the headwaters of the Busang River in the steaming jungle of Borneo. The Canadian company Bre-X Minerals Ltd. didnt know about that when it bought rights to the site in 1993. But after Bre-X hired a high-living geologist to map the ore body, the deposit, along with the fever dreams that accompany gold, grew to monster size- by March 1997 that geologist was talking about a 200-million-ounce resource. You do the math at, say US$500 per ounce in mid-1990s dollars. Bre-X prepared for big times ahead by building a gold-plated website, where you could generate your own Bre-X stock chart to follow its meteoric rise. It also had a chart showing the equally meteoric rise of the estimated gold resource: together, those two pages could infect anyone with gold fever. The Sharks Arrive Bigger mineral companies took notice. Some made takeover offers. So did the Indonesian government, in the person of president Suharto and his powerful family. Bre-X owned more of this lode than seemed prudent for such a small, inexperienced foreign firm. Suharto suggested that Bre-X share its fortunate surplus with the people of Indonesia and with Barrick, a firm tied to Suhartos ambitious daughter Siti Rukmana. (Barricks advisors, among them George H. W. Bush and ex-prime minister of Canada Brian Mulroney, also favored this scheme.) Bre-X responded by enlisting Suhartos son Sigit Hardjojudanto on its side. An impasse loomed. To end the contretemps, family friend Mohamad Bob Hasan stepped in to offer all sides a deal. The American firm Freeport-McMoRan Copper Gold, led by another old Suharto friend, would run the mine and Indonesian interests would share the wealth. Bre-X would keep 45 percent of the ownership and Hasan for his pains would accept a share possibly worth a billion or so. Asked what he was paying for this stake, Hasan said, There is no payment, no nothing. It is a very clean deal. Trouble Arises The deal was announced on 17 February 1997. Freeport went to Borneo to start its own due-diligence drilling. Suharto was ready to sign a contract after this step, locking in Bre-Xs land rights for 30 years and starting the flood of gold. But just four weeks later, Bre-Xs geologist at Busang, Michael de Guzman, exited his helicopter that was 250 meters in the air at the time- an evident suicide. On March 26 Freeport reported that its due-diligence cores, drilled only a meter and a half from Bre-Xs, showed insignificant amounts of gold. The next day Bre-X stock lost almost all of its value. Freeport brought more rock samples to its American headquarters under armed guard. Bre-X commissioned a review of Freeports drilling; the review recommended more drilling. Another review focusing on the chemical assays caused Bre-X to clam up completely on 1 April, and Suhartos signature was postponed. Bre-X, in a novel strategy for the time, blamed the Web. CEO David Walsh told a fawning Calgary Herald reporter that the meltdown began when scurrilous local rumors in Indonesia were picked up by one of the ghostwriters on the Internet on the chat page or whatever. Further reviews took the rest of April. Meanwhile, disquieting details began to arise. Industry journalists soon found evidence that the Busang ore samples had been salted with gold dust. Salting of the Earth On Friday 11 April, Northern Miner magazine put a news flash on its site laying out three lines of evidence that Bre-X had been duped. First, contrary to company statements, the Busang core samples had been prepared for assay in the jungle, not in the testing lab. A videotape made by a visitor to the field site showed the humble machines common in assay labs- hammer mills, crushers, and sample splitters. Well-labeled sample bags clearly had finely crushed ore in them. Security was lax enough that samples could easily have been spiked with gold.Second, the local inhabitants had begun panning for gold in the Busang River, but in two years they never found any. Yet Bre-X claimed that gold was visible, a sign of unusually rich ore. And de Guzmans technical report, confusingly, called the gold submicroscopic, which is typical of hard-rock gold ore.Third, the assayer that tested the samples said the gold was predominantly in visible-sized grains. Also, the grains showed signs consistent with being typical river-panned gold dust, such as rounded outlines and rims depleted in silver. The assayer dodged the 64-billion-dollar question, saying that there were indeed ways for hard-rock gold grains to acquire rounded edges- but that argument was a fig leaf. The Curtain Falls Meanwhile, a storm of securities lawsuits arose around Bre-X, which vigorously protested that this was just an unfortunate series of misunderstandings. But it was too late. The collapse of Bre-X cast a cloud over the gold mining industry that lasted into the next century. David Walsh decamped to the Bahamas, where he died of an aneurysm in 1998. Bre-Xs chief geologist, John Felderhof, eventually went on trial in Canada but was acquitted of securities fraud in July 2007. Apparently in selling part of his stock holdings for $84 million in the months before the scandal hit he had not been criminal, just too stupid to catch the fraud. And I have been told that Michael de Guzman has been seen in Canada, years after the scandal. The explanation would be that, as was rumored at the time, an anonymous corpse was thrown from the helicopter. You could say the very jungle had been salted as well as the ore bags.

Hezbollah organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hezbollah organization - Essay Example However, various acts of attack by the Lebanese terrorist group have proved it a radical terrorist organization that is intolerant of divergent views. Indeed, it is a terrorist organization with a long history, a clear organization structure, and with strong views on religious, political, and social issues. Normally, the organization accomplishes its agenda by issuing terrorist threats or carrying out terrorist attacks at various public places (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2014). In this regard, this paper explores the history, structure, objectives, ideals, and targets of Hezbollah as a Lebanese terrorist organization that strikes mainly in the Middle East nations. Having been founded in 1982, Hezbollah, which is also referred to as ‘The Party of God’, is an extremist ‘Shi’a’Â  Muslim organization whose main motivation is to fight the alleged imperialism by the western countries and Israel mostly in Lebanon. In October 1997, the State Department of the U.S. branded the organization as a foreign terrorist organization (FTO) chiefly due to its refusal to recognize the legitimacy of the Israeli government and Israel as a State (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2014). Due to the alleged oppression against the Muslim nations that the organization purports to fight for, it has since transformed into a radical revolutionist group. Although not all the Muslim and Arab nations may conform to the ideologies of this terrorist organization, the group is focused on its main objective, which is to unite all the Arab nations into forming one government in order to liberate Jerusalem and Israel by extension from alleged western impe rialism (Jewish Virtual Library, 2013). Essentially, Hezbollah, as a terrorist group, was founded in 1982 on the onset of the First Lebanon War that lasted until the years 2000. However, the Iranian Revolution played an instrumental role in defining and determining the ideologies and origins of the Hezbollah group (BBC News,

Case for School Uniforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case for School Uniforms - Essay Example Alicia harangues on the economic consequences of introducing school uniforms by declaring that â€Å"the uniforms don’t seem quite so affordable.† As per Alicia’s logic, school uniforms amount to an added financial burden on an average middle class family and many families find it really costly to purchase uniforms for their progeny. Even a cursory online analysis of the price catalogues of some of the famous economy stores will amply testify to the fact that school uniforms are not that dearer as Alicia deems them to be. Besides, in the long run, making children wear uniforms to school turns out to be cheaper than helping them afford an assorted wardrobe catering to their school dressing needs and requirements. School uniforms relieve the parents and the students of tons of financial pressure and burden with everyone knowing that they have to wear the same clothes to school every day. Alicia also tends to hold that even if schools uniforms ameliorate the â€Å" best clothes competition (Thomas, 2009)†, they do usher in a more damaging â€Å"the best body competition. † Her logic is that students who are thin or husky may not be able to choose clothes that tone down their bodily aberrations and hence may suffer from guilt or many types of complexes. The fact is that this argument put forward by Alicia is facile and immature. Everybody knows that in the real world nobody is perfect and that most of the people do tend to have the so called physical, mental or social limitations.

Signs and Symptoms Essay Example for Free

Signs and Symptoms Essay ~Cough, Unintentional weight loss, Fatigue, Fever, Night Sweats, Chills, Lost of Appetite. â€Å"Treatment† With tuberculosis, you must take antibiotics for at least six to nine months. The exact drugs and length of treatment depend on your age, overall health, possible drug resistance, the form of TB (latent or active) and the infections location in the body. â€Å"Signs of Symptom† Fever, Loss of appetite, Headache, Tiredness and a general feeling of being unwell (malaise), Once the chickenpox rash appears, it goes through three phases, Raised pink or red bumps (papules), which break out over several days, Fluid-filled blisters (vesicles), forming from the raised bumps over about one day before breaking and leaking, Crusts and scabs, which cover the broken blisters and take several more days to heal. â€Å"Treatment† In otherwise healthy children, chickenpox typically requires no medical treatment. Your doctor may prescribe an antihistamine to relieve itching. But for the most part, the disease is allowed to run its course. If youre at high risk of complications For people who have a high risk of complications from chickenpox, doctors sometimes prescribe medications to shorten the duration of the infection and to help reduce the risk of complications. â€Å"SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS† Sudden high fever, Severe headache that isnt easily confused with other types of headache, Stiff neck, Vomiting or nausea with headache, Confusion or difficulty concentrating, Seizures, Sleepiness or difficulty waking up, Sensitivity to light, Lack of interest in drinking and eating, Skin rash in some cases, such as in meningococcal meningitis. â€Å"Treatment† Bed rest Plenty of fluids Over-the-counter pain medications to help reduce fever and relieve body aches â€Å"Signs and Symptoms† Fever, Sore throat, Headache, Vomiting, Fatigue, Back pain or stiffness, Neck pain or stiffness, Pain or stiffness in the arms or legs, Muscle spasms or tenderness, Meningitis â€Å"Treatment† Bed rest, Antibiotics for secondary infections (none for poliovirus), Analgesics for pain, Portable ventilators to assist breathing, moderate exercise (physical therapy) to prevent deformity and loss of muscle function, A nutritious diet. â€Å"Signs and Symptoms† Moderate to severe shaking chills, High fever, Profuse sweating as body temperature falls, Headache, Vomiting, and Diarrhea. â€Å"Treatment† Chloroquine (Aralen) Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin) Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Mefloquine Combination of atovaquone and proguanil (Malarone) â€Å"Signs and Symptoms† Spasms and stiffness in your jaw muscles, Stiffness of your neck muscles, Difficulty swallowing Stiffness of your abdominal muscles, Painful body spasms lasting for several minutes, typically triggered by minor occurrences, such as a draft, loud noise, physical touch or light, Fever, Sweating, Elevated blood pressure, Rapid heart rate. â€Å"Treatment† Antitoxin. Antibiotics. Vaccine. Sedatives.

Its Time to Lift the Embargo Against Cuba :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It's Time to Lift the Embargo Against Cuba I waited an hour and a half for my first camello. It was too hot at the bus stop to do anything but stand and stare at the corner where the camello-a semi carrying a small jail, as a friend described it-would turn onto 23rd. The line was long, maybe forty people. When the camello finally arrived, the line broke into a desperate mob. I let myself be pushed inside. A pregnant woman in front of me panicked and began swearing and throwing elbows. I caught one in the ribs and tried to make space for her. Inside I kept one hand on my bookbag, one hand on the rail. But there was no way I could have fallen; we were like sardines in a can. They let in more people at the second stop. Now the camello was too full to close the doors. A man next to me joked, "Quà © subdesarrollo"-"What underdevelopment." Camellos were introduced in Havana to help solve the public transportation crisis in 1995. They are city buses, capacity of probably two hundred, pulled by flatbed trucks. Their two humps give them the popular name camello, Spanish for camel. The running joke is that they are like the Saturday night movies and may contain sex, violence, and adult language. I used camellos to get around Havana in July because it was cheap-one cent per trip-and I had time. But also because it is what Cubans do. I invariably got off the camello drenched in sweat, clothes wrinkled from being packed in, and not feeling well. I met Cubans who spend three hours taking camellos one way to work each day. Waiting in long lines is part of living Cuban. There are other quirks that an economics professor might call "inefficiencies endemic to socialism," or maybe just underdevelopment. To get things done requires a contact and a special favor. For instance, to get a phone line out of the country I would ask my friend Mario to call his cousin who works at the phone company. Electricity blackouts and water shortages are common. Another friend has the money to buy a car-relatives in Tampa send money- but it will take him years to get through the paperwork.

Legalizing Marijuana

I. Introduction Marijuana has been one of the most researched drugs in the history of pharmacology, and there is still considerable disagreement about its short-term and long-term effects. It was made an illicit drug in the United States, and many states have established harsh penalties for those convicted of possession of even small amounts. In the recent years, there has been a move toward decriminalization of marijuana. The purpose of this study is to show why marijuana should be legalized. II. Discussion A. What is Marijuana? Marijuana is the name given in the United States to the drug produced from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. The use of cannabis derivatives under such names as hashish, charas, bhang, and ganja is widespread throughout the world. The most active ingredient of the plant derivative is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The potency of this chemical is indicated by the fact that the average street sample of marijuana contains less than .5% THC. Some samples are considerably higher in THC content; thus, effects from the drug vary according to its quality, meaning its THC content.   The flowering parts of the plant contain the greatest amounts of THC (Belenko, 2001). These are usually dried and smoked, but they may be made into a drink somewhat like tea or blended into various cooking recipes. B. Why should it be legalized? Marijuana is being used as legal medical therapy for several conditions. Careful studies have shown that it is effective in treating severe nausea in cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy. Older patients seem to respond less well than younger patients and complain more about side-effects, including feeling â€Å"stoned.† Researchers are continuing studies of marijuana’s possible usefulness in reducing pressure within the eye in glaucoma and in treating muscle spasticity (Earleywine, 2002). Marijuana has been used for thousands of years, both as a medicine and for its intoxicating effects. In the form of tablets, marijuana is frequently prescribed to relieve the nausea and vomiting that often accompany chemotherapy. Its non-medical use, however, is illegal in the United States and most other countries. The penalties for possessing or using marijuana are, in many states, as severe as those imposed for the possession or use of much more potent drugs (Goode, 2000). Many argue that marijuana is no more harmful than cigarettes and liquor and should be legalized. III. Conclusion In conclusion, most people use marijuana for the altered states it produces. These states are a little easier to control than those produced by other hallucinogenic drugs, unless the dosage is very high. At low to moderate dosages, hallucinations are not present. Instead, the person typically reports of calmness, increased sensory awareness, changes in space and time, and increased appetite, often with a craving for sweets. Many researchers too have concluded that smoking marijuana is no more dangerous, and perhaps even less so, than smoking cigarettes or using alcohol. Reference: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Belenko, S. R. (2001). Drugs and Drug Policy in America: A Documentary History. Greenwood Press. Westport, CT. Pp. 34-67. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Earleywine, M. (2002). Understanding Marijuana: A New Look at the Scientific Evidence. Oxford University Press. New York. Pp. 123-156. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Goode, E. (2000). Marijuana. Atherton. Chicago. Pp. 567-575.   

Character Analysis of The Lottery

The lottery is usually associated with beating the odds and winning something extravagant. In Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†, the reader is led to believe the story is about something cheerful and happy given the setting of a warm summer day and children out of school for the summer. Jackson turns winning the lottery into a bad thing. Of 300 villagers Tessie Hutchinson shows up late, claiming she forgot about the annual lottery drawing, but seems very excited to have made it on time. When Tessie was in no danger she is gossiping with neighbors and encourages her husband to draw for the winner. Jackson curiously builds up the character of Tessie so that it seems she is blinded by tradition until she becomes a victim of it herself. Mrs. Hutchinson is introduced in the story as being late for the drawing of the lottery and claims that she â€Å"`clean forgot what day it was’† (Jackson 206). After reading the story and knowing the outcome, it seems ironic that someone could truly forget something that is so awful. It’s almost as if Tessie was dreading this day all along. Why else would she have claimed to forget something so important to the town? Maybe Tessie was overly excited to get in on the action only to act as if it were no big deal. The Author also describes her as coming â€Å"hurriedly along the path to the square†¦ † (Jackson 206). Was this because she had truly forgotten and didn’t want to be late, or because she couldn’t wait for the lottery to begin? Initially Mrs. Hutchinson is presented as a character who when she arrives, she calmly talks to the other women and makes a joke to her husband by saying â€Å"` Wouldn’t have me leave m’dishes in the sink, now, would you, Joe’† (Jackson 206). When It comes time for Tessie’s husband Bill to draw she rushes him by telling him to â€Å"`get up there’† (Jackson 208). Tessie feels as if she is in no danger. This conduct makes her appear to be anxious about the drawing so the stoning can begin and confident that their slip won’t have the dreaded black dot on it. Tessie’s attitude changes when her eagerness to see the lottery through is put to an abrupt stop when she realizes her family has been chosen. She uses Mr. Summers as a scapegoat and shouts â€Å"`You didn’t give him enough time to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn’t fair ‘† (Jackson 208). Throughout the drawing of the names, Tessie seemed to be fine with the fact that someone was going to die until it the realization set in that it may be her. Before a drawing is held to decide who wins, Tessie tries to make Mr. Summers include her daughter, â€Å"`There’s Don and Eva, make them take their chance! ’† (Jackson 209). This shows how ruthless and careless Tessie is. She knows that her daughter was already entered in the drawing under her husband’s name. Having her daughter enter would only give her more of a chance to live. After Tessie is chosen as the winner she demands that the drawing was done unfairly and that her husband was rushed. What’s ironic about that is she is the one who rushed Bill to draw. Jackson uses the hypocrisy of Tessie’s actions to show this. Tessie’s victimization at the hands of the towns people allows her to be a semi-symbolic character, which will lose her life due to a cruel death by stoning. They did this all for the sake that there may be a fruitful crop for the coming harvest season. Surprisingly, even Tessie’s closest friend was mentioned as finding a stone so big that she had to lift it with both hands. Mrs. Hutchison was tardy to the biggest event of the year. She desperately hoped that she would not win. Although no one should have to suffer such cruelty, her complaining after being chosen annoyed everyone and tends to make the reader feel that she deserves the death that she was awarded.

machavelli essays

machavelli essays Lately, the president of the United States Bill Clinton, has pursued some policies that have been very unpopular not only with the general public but the electorate as well. Besides the whole Monica ordeal he feels that these unpopular policies will effect the results of the next election. The presidential advisors have formulated countless plans but no plan has seemed to work. One idea would be to leave the unpopular policies as they are because of the president and advisors belief that they are the best for the country. Another option would be to just present the unpopular policies in a new way to maybe change public opinion on them. Still another would be to just ignore the policies and concentrate on the election. No matter what option , if any, should be chosen one must be thought up quick and it must not only address the problem but solve it and fast. Since I have recently learned about Machiavelli and his work titled The Prince I feel his opinions would help to influence some decisions for the president and his advisors. A first and very important view of Machiavelli would be his view of the prince and his advisors. It is an infallible rule that a prince who is not wise himself cannot be well advised.(p.117) As it is up to the prince to be well advised it is also up to the president to be well advised as well. The presidents advisors, as well as the president, are not sure what actions to take, which in Machiavellis view would not be a good characteristic of a leader and as a result would not help gain friendship of the people. Good relationship with the people is one of his greatest points because without the people there is no leader. The leader, the president, must have the support of the people and if not he will not stay in power long. The president is not doing a good job of this because of his very unpopular poli ...

Free sample - Poem Characters. translation missing

Poem Characters. Poem CharactersThe speaker of the poem is Edna St. Vincent Millay who was born in February 22, 1892 and died in October 19, 1950. Edna St. Vincent Millay was an American lyrical poet, feminist and playwright (p .1). She was the earliest female to obtain the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, in addition to was acknowledged for her activism as well as her numerous love interaction. Edna St. Vincent Millay used the false name Nancy Boyd for her writing style occupation. The speaker of the poem is saying that love is not necessary basic thing neither sex only affair where man goes in and out of a woman. The main idea of the poem or the theme of the poem is love. The specific examples of poetic techniques used are rhyme scheme, alliteration, imagery, simile, metaphor, symbol, personification, allusion, The protagonist of a literary work always suffers in a particular problem or dilemma because his or her world view or value system in that there may be more than one antagonist in a story, and they are ever a villain. Sometimes, a work will offer a particular character as the protagonist, only to dispose of that character unexpectedly. Sometimes protagonist is impossible to identify because multiple plots in the novel do not permit clear identification of one as the main plot. These fictions of literary elements read in class this semester are of primary interest in the works as for instance:   Plot, or storyline, is often listed as one of the fundamental elements of fiction. It is the rendering and ordering of the events and actions of a story. On a micro level, plot consists of action and reaction, also referred to as stimulus and response. On a macro level, plot has a beginning, middle, and an ending. Plot is often depicted as an arc with a zig-zag line to represent the rise and fall of action. Plot also has a mid-level structure: scene and sequel. A scene is a unit of drama- where the action occurs. Then, after a transition of some sort of the sequel- an emotional reaction and regrouping, an aftermath. Types of plots: Chronological order Types of plotsIs where all of the proceedings happen in the order in which they happened in writing. There might be orientation to proceedings as of the past or future; on the other hand the actions are in black and white in time order. in attendance will not be flashbacks as well flash forwards.Flashback In times of the past in television, film as well as extra media, a flashback is also called analepsis, is an interrupted scene that acquire the description flipside in time from the up to date summit the story has get to. Flashbacks are frequently used to narrate proceedings with the intention of happened previous to the story's main series of measures or to fill in critical back-story. Character origin flashbacks specifically refers to flashbacks trading with key actions in the early hours in a character's progress casing he could fly, The method is used to generate anticipation in a narrative, otherwise build up a temperament. In writing, inner analysis is a flashback to a previous summit in the tale; outside analysis is a flashback to previous to the storyline in progress. Setting, the location and time of a story, is often listed as one of the fundamental elements of fiction. Sometimes setting is referred to as milieu, to include a context (such as society) beyond the immediate surroundings of the story. In some cases, setting becomes a character itself and can set the tone of a story. Characterization is often listed as one of the fundamental elements of fiction. A character is a participant in the story, and is usually a person, but may be any personal identity, or entity whose existence originates from a fictional work or performance. (Millay 1917, p. 2) Characters may be of several types: Character of Point-of-view is the character as of whose point of view (theme) the viewers understand the story. This is the character that represents the point of view the audience will empathize or at the very slightest, sympathize with. Consequently this is the "Main" Character. Character of Protagonist is the driver of the accomplishment of the story in addition to therefore accountable for accomplishing the stories of Objective Story Goal Character of Antagonist is the character that position in antagonism to the leading role. Character of Static is a character that does not appreciably revolutionize all through the track of a story. Dynamic character is a character that undergoes character development all through the itinerary of a story. Character of Foil contrasts to the protagonist in a manner in which to light up their behavior or quality Supporting character: A character that stage a division in the plot, however is not most important Minor character: A character in a small piece.    Methods of developing characters Appearance   gives details otherwise illustrate the typescript superficial manifestation for the person who reads to be intelligent to recognize them Dialogue is what they articulate as well as how they say it Action is what the character perform in addition to how he/she does it Reaction of others: how other characters see and treat him/her    Millay, E. S. (2010). Poems. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group,.

Come up with a research topic Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Come up with a research topic - Thesis Example The thesis statement for this topic is the position that: harassment of Latino immigrants by state and local law enforcement authorities is strongly linked to the anti-immigration sentiments of people in the United States and this prevents Latinos from getting any form of protection under US laws in the face of these harassments. Arizona’s Safe Neighborhood Act, 1070 enacted in 2010 gave state authorities the power to arrest and detained persons they had reason to believe was an illegal immigrant (Campbell 1; Magana and Lee 103; Rothe and Kauzlarich 98). This is in contrast with the fundamental position of US law which requires the federal government to handle such issues (Romero and Romero Williams 230; Motomura 117; Ferro 76). This shows that the spate of changes in US migration and public opinion had caused the people to move beyond the powers attributed to them in the constitution (Skerry). The natural consequence of this is that it created a spillover that allowed some constituents of US law to gain power and authority to do things not authorized by the constitution to these immigrants (Gallagher and Lippard 75; Shally-Jansen 1037; OLeary 32). There is a general increase in the trend hate crimes and negative acts targeting persons of Latin American origins (Civil Rights para 3). The statistics indicate that hate crimes against Latinos by authorities have increased by at least 100% over the past decade (Civil Rights para 1). This shows that a lot a lot of negative things have been done under the guises of new laws and other negative acts are a reflection of the wrong sentiments that are meted out against the Latino migrant population. A hypothesis is a tentative statement made by a researcher at the beginning of a research that is tested for its truthfulness or falsity (Adams and Eva 593; Spielberger 229). Therefore, the casual claims can be put

Poetry and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Poetry and Politics - Essay Example have tapped into the American conscience and have examined the utility of war against the backdrop of the experiences of American soldiers abroad and Americans at home in times of war (Goldensohn, 2006). Poets are generally expected to be contemplative and to give expression to reality. Poets not only â€Å"interpret the world, but inform and renew it† (Clements, 1990, p. 239). In this regard, American poets through poetic expression have contemplated, interpreted, informed and renewed the war expression, rationalizing for the most part their objection to war. Some of these poets were actually â€Å"conscientious objectors† (Metres, 2007, p. 5). Robert Lowell was a conscientious objector and is the main subject in his poem Memories of West Street and Lepke which reflects upon his experiences when he was imprisoned for a few days in West Street Jail awaiting a sentence for his refusal to be drafted for the Second World War (Metres, 2000). During his stint in Jail, Lowell met Czar Lepke, a leader of a gang known as Murder Incorporated, who had been sentenced to death for murder. Lepke allegedly told Lowell that he was in jail for killing a human being and asked Lowell what he was in jail for to which Lowell replied â€Å"Oh, I’m in for refusing to kill† (Metres, 2000, p. 661). Lowell’s Memories of West Street and Lepke does not recount this specific encounter, but it presents a realistic image of American freedom and by doing so, forces the reader to ponder whether or not that freedom is worth going to war to protect. Lowell himself is living in a huge house and has only one child, a nine month old baby girl. Meanwhile, a man is â€Å"scavenging filth in the back alley trash cans† and â€Å"has two children† (Lowell, Lines 6-7). Thus Lowell’s consciously brings attention to the fact that freedom brings about inequities. Moreover, Lowell mentions his young daughter which brings to mind the fact that at this very young age, she might never know her father

Christian worldview of financial accounting Essay

Christian worldview of financial accounting - Essay Example The Christian worldview on financial accounting advocates for ethics in business. It is hence evident that a Christian will always carry out the business activities differently from an atheist. According to Christian worldview, financial accounting is of great importance in a number of ways. One of the ways is helping Christians to live debt free lives. It is not the will of God for His children to live in destitution and debts. Debts have stretched from the individual Christians to the national levels. The Christian worldview tends to explain to Christians how savings, budgets and investments should be used accordingly to help the Christians live a life worth living (Holt, 2010). The Christian worldview insists that for the budgets, investments and savings to be beneficial, greed, cheating and lying should not be a part of financial accounting. Christians have been given a lot of guidance courtesy of the Christian worldview on avoiding the financial Armageddon. It is clear that human beings cannot survive in the world today without finances. However, unjust means should not be encouraged at all in the business world according to the Christian worldview based on the bible teachings (Duska et al., 2011). According to Proverbs 13:11 â€Å"Wealth obtained by fraud will dwindle, but whoever earns it through labor will multiply it† while in accordance to Proverbs 12:19, â€Å"Truth stands the test of time, lies tend to be exposed easily.† These are the essential aspects in financial accounting that need to be put into consideration for the Christians to reap the intended benefits of financial accounting. The Christian worldview’s teachings on financial accounting aim at eradicating poverty among the Christians. Justly operated financial accounting activities guarantee an individual wealth and prosperity. This clearly shows that poverty will not be his or her portion. However,

Importance of Studying Child and Adolescent Development

Importance of Studying Child and Adolescent Development Cognitive developmental theories are based on research that indicates an individuals development from birth to adulthood. It was once believed that babies werent aware of their surroundings until they started to learn to speak, however we all know this isnt the case and researchers have proved this theory in a number of studies. From birth through infancy and into adulthood we constantly develop and learn from genetic and learned factors. As children grow into adolescents and then into adults, individual and innate characteristics (hereditary) and life experience (environment) play an increasing role as children adapt to internal and external conditionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Papalia, Olds, Wendkos, Feldman, Duskinn p 12) We learn from our surroundings as well as from inherited traits. This paper examines three cognitive theories namely Piagets Cognitive Theory, Social Cognitive Theory and Eriksons Cognitive Theory. This paper examines the key points and postulates of the theories, the basic similarities and differences between the theories. It is very significant to understand the relationships between adolescent and child development for the proper rearing of an individual. This paper also explains the reason for this. Piagets Cognitive Stage Theory Psychologist and life scientist, Jean Piaget, formed a theory that was based on the fact that children go through 4 developmental stages from birth to the age of 15. His research was done on his own children of which he formulated his conclusion of how a developing child perceives the world around them. His theory concerned the growth of intelligence which for Piaget, meant the ability to more accurately represent the world and perform logical operations on representations of concepts grounded in the world. (Nation Master Encyclopedia 2005). Jean Piagets 4 stages of development are as follows: Sensorimotor Stage This stage involves children from birth to the age of two. The baby establishes an apprehension of herself or himself and realism (and the way matters work) by encounters with the surroundings and ecology.(Learning Theories Knowledge Base 2009). This stage is when a baby starts to identify the difference between right and wrong, and yes and no. Because they can relate to a wide range of viewpoints, they no longer feel that there is an absolute standard of right and wrong (Papalia, Olds, Wendkos, Feldman, Duskinn p. 355). The baby is capable of distinguishing between herself or himself and various other substances around. The cognitive process happens through absorption (the arrangement of entropy and absorbing it into subsisting scheme) and adjustment (when a substance cannot be absorbed and the schemes have to be altered to admit the substance). Preoperational Stage This stage comprises children from the age of two to four. The infant is still not capable of conceiving theoretically and requires strong physical circumstances. Substances are relegated in simple methods, particularly by significant characteristics. During this stage it is said that a child has the inability to be able to put themselves in others shoes. They think that everyone else feels the same way they do when they are feeling a certain way. The child is typically described as being egocentric during this phase. Egocentrism refers to the childs inability to see a situation from another persons point of view. According to Piaget, the egocentric child assumes that other people see, hear and feel exactly the same as the child does. (McLeod 2007). Concrete Operations This stage comprises children between the ages of seven to eleven. Jean Piagets concrete operational approach is the third of four stages. According to Piaget this stage of development begins at around age seven and ends at about age eleven.During this time, children gain a better understanding of mental operations, children begin thinking logically about concrete events, but have difficulty understanding abstract or hypothetical concepts (Van Wagner 2005). This stage is seen beginning at the elementary years. The infant initiates to conceive theoretically and gestating, making coherent structures that explicate her or his physical encounters. Formal Operations This stage comprises children between the ages of eleven to fifteen. This child learns to think creatively and logically putting outcomes to particular actions. By this particular stage, the individual no longer needs strong substances to decide intellectual assessments. He or she is able to reason with deduction and hypothesis. As adolescents enter this stage, they gain the ability to think in an abstract manner, the ability to combine and classify items in a more sophisticated way. (McLeod 2007). Piaget used a series of experimental data from a number of children to come to the conclusion that children develop a significant amount of logical reasoning during this period. Social Cognitive Theory Albert Banduras Social Cognitive Theory explicates cognition in terms of the interrelation between demeanor, ecological aspects, and personal aspects. It also furnishes the theoretical account for synergistic cognition utilized to formulate both Cooperative Cognition and Constructivism. (SCT 2007) Bandura conducted several studies on the idea that children learn behavior from others. Evaluating behavioral change depends on the factors environment, people and behavior. SCT provides a framework for designing, implementing and evaluating programs. (Glanz 2004). An example of Banduras theory can be observed in a household. If a child has parents who have anger issues and are always exploding when they get upset, chances are the behavior will be observed and performed by their children. The child will learn to think that this is the correct way to act and in turn mimic their parents. As per the Social Cognitive Theory, the learner develops cognition as her or his surrounding comes together with personal encounters and personal lineaments. (Kids Development 2009) Fresh encounters are assessed face-to-face with the past; anterior encounters succor to gradually lead and communicate to the learner as to in what way the present must be looked into. Eriksons Psychosocial Theory Eriksons Psychosocial Theory growth is one of the best-recognized hypotheses of personality in psychological science. He conceived that personality springs up in a sequential manner, in eight stages. His theory depicts the affect of social encounter across the entire lifetime. It lays down the basis of a properly growing individual should develop from an infant to maturity. In every stage the individual faces, and hopefully overcomes, fresh challenging situations. First Stage Mistrust vs. Trust This stage comprises infants ranging from birth to two years of age. The child relies on the parents, particularly the mother, for comfortableness, existence, and food. The infants comparative apprehension of society and world descend from the parents and their involvement with the infant. During the first year of life, a baby forms their first feelings about the world and whether or not it is a safe place based on the level of consistent care provided by caregivers. (Kids Development 2009) If the parents allow the infant to tenderness, regularity, and reliable lovingness, the perception of the child of the world will be one of faith. If the parents go wrong in furnishing a safe surrounding and in meeting the requirements of the infant, a feeling of disbelief will consequence. Second Stage Autonomy vs. Shame This stage comprises children between the ages of two to three. As the child develops check over eliminative operations and motor capabilities they initiate to ascertain their environment. The parents even in this stage furnish a strong ground of safety from which the infant can embark out to put forward their volition. The forbearance of the parents and support succors further liberty in the infant. Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident (Van Wagner 2005). Third Stage Initiative vs. Guilt During the years of primary schooling, children start to asseverate their check and power over the world by aiming play and other social involvement. Children who are flourishing at this stage decipher the capability and ability to guide others. Those who go wrong in attaining these acquisitions are left with a guilty conscience, absence of initiative and self-dubiousness. During this stage it is helpful when parents are actively rewarding their children for doing right rather than wrong. It helps a child prosper more and feel more confident when they know their parents are recognizing their good deeds and encouraging them to act in this manner more. Fourth Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority This stage comprises children between the age of five to eleven. Through social involvements, children start to grow a feeling of plume in their works and capabilities. Children who are supported and guided by teachers and parents grow a sense of competency and faith in their acquisitions. Parents and teachers who provide positive feedback can help children to feel confident and capable, vital characteristics for happiness and future success(Kids Development 2009) Those who attain no or little support from teachers, friends, or parents will incertitude their capability to be prosperous. Fifth Stage Identity vs. Confusion This comprises teenagers. During teenage years, teenagers are enjoying their liberty and growing a feeling of self. According to Bandura, those who attain support through personal ascertaining will emanate from this stage with a concrete feeling of self and a sense of liberty and check. Those who retain dubious of their faiths and wishes will be unsure and insecure about the futurity and themselves. (Van Wagner 2009). Sixth stage Intimacy vs. Isolation This stage engulfs the period of early maturity when people are experiencing personal kinships. Erikson conceived it was critical that individuals acquire intimate, committed kinships with other individuals. Those who are victorious at this stage will acquire kinships that are committed and safe. Those who wont will endure isolation. Seventh Stage Generativity vs. Stagnation When teenagers become adults, they go on to establish their lives, centering on family and career. Those who flourish during this stage will think that they are adding to the world by being dynamic in their society and home. These are the years when careers flourish families are raised and people find their comfort zones being productive and responsible members of society. (Kids Development 2009) Those who do not succeed to achieve this acquisition will consider themselves ineffectual and detached from the world. Eighth Stage Integrity vs. Despair This stage comes in to action in old age and is centered on pondering back over life. Those who are abortive during this stage will think that their life had been a waste and will encounter many types of rue. The person will be left with resentments and desperation. Those who have pride in their achievements will have a feeling of wholeness. Prosperously finishing this stage means retrospection with few rues and a sense of satiation. These people will achieve sapience, even when facing demise. Similarities Between The Theories All the three theories basically throw light upon the development of personality of an individual throughout their lifetime. They suggest that an individual analyzes his or her surrounding and people around and learn in the process, and the cognition in return helps them, to make an impact on the society and on the world and have a successful life. All the theories assume the utilization of the scientific processes, and usually refuse self-examination as a reasonable process of probe, dissimilar to the pleasure-driven advances like the theories formulated by Sigmund Freud. They denotatively recognize the subsistence of internal mental conditions like trust, wants, support and encouragement. Sensationalism of the theories aggregated with the espousal of internal mental conditions present the validity of the theories as suggested by the three theories. All the theories can be successfully employed educational exercises and kinships. Differences Between The Three Theories The theories formulated by Piaget concerns development from birth to the age of fifteen, where as the theories of Erikson concerns the development process from birth till old age. So, Eriksons theory is a wider conceptualization. Piaget observed his own children for the purpose of formulation of the theories, whereas there were no such circumstances in case of the formulation of theories by Eric Erikson. On the contrary, the social cognitive theory does not focus on people belonging to any particular age group. Eriksons theory bases its assumptions on social and self preferences, whereas Piagets theory bases its assumptions on the capabilities of a child and senses. On the other hand, the assumptions of the Social Cognitive theory were primarily based on the environment in which an individual lives. One of the primary formulations in the theory suggested by Erikson was the ego individuality, which is a conscious self-sense that is acquired through coming in contact with various aspects of the society. Erikson suggested that an individuals ego individuality constantly alters due to altering encounters and altering interactions. There is no such definition in the theory proposed by Jean Piaget, although the developmental alterations are discussed in four different stages. This aspect is described in the Social Cognitive Theory as mutual assessment, as said by one of the famous psychologists promoting this theory, Albert Bandura, emphasizing on the fact that not only does the surrounding around an individual crusade demeanor, but also the demeanor of an individual crusades the surroundings. Importance Of Understanding Child And Adolescent Development Since sundry decades, the inter-relation between health, psychological growth and physical development have become apparent. It is very necessary to apprehend how children and adolescents develop, in what environment they are being brought up and how much encouragement and support they receive from their peers and family. As we might have seen through many practical experiences, a happy childhood leads to a contended adult. Individuals who did not have a happy childhood fear from taking new challenges in life, where the ones with a happy childhood can confidently face new challenges, one of the reasons being that they know there are people who will support them and foster them through trifles of life. Adolescents are very fickle and are very likely to be influence by the bad elements of the society. Therefore, parents and peers must understand in what environment and adolescent and a child grows so that he or she acquires the acquisitions to take the right decisions whenever required . Most importantly, the environment in which an individual grows must be monitored and understood well to ensure proper development of the individual. Conculsion The basic attention of the researches conducted by Jean Piaget, Eric Erickson and Albert Bandura has been on how to attain, work on and store entropy collected during the lifetime of an individual. There exist diverse practical diligences for cognitive theories, like enhancement of memory, enhancement of resolution-taking efficacy, and the strengthening of educational and emotional spheres in the life of an individual. From birth through adolescence and into our adulthood years theorist have proved that we develop through inherited traits along with influences from our environment.

Essay --

Islamic Banking system is banking system that guided by principles of Islamic laws (Sharia). In Islamic banking system, the most important feature is prohibited of interest (Riba), no matter what type of form or source it is. Riba is the fixed increase on the capital, collected against a fixed period. According to Qur’an, in all type of transactions, both receipts and payment of interest is prohibited. People who dealing of lending money in three conditions which are addition in the principal amount or capital, increment to the additional amount fixed in advance and the dealing made conditional to the two mentioned clauses are consider dealing of Riba. It is regardless of its usage whether it is a personal need or for a useful purpose or either the borrower is poor or rich. However, mark-up for delayed payments and trade-financing commissions are allowed. The prohibited of Riba is to avoid the unbalanced distribution of income in society if interest is involved in credit system. Risk sharing is another principle for Islamic banking system. Although interest is prohibited in Islamic banking system, they still can operate by the concept of profit and loss sharing which is utilizing the funds at risk. When there is no guarantee of return, people will be encouraged to involve in maximize their exertion to contribute justify into production process. Mudarabah and Musharakah are two types of forms which are most desirable in profit and loss sharing concept. Under these two forms, financier makes the funds available as an investor instead of as a lender. The funds they invest do not guarantee will bring them income, they might need to share the loss in proportion to his share. Under Mudharabah, that will be two parties involve who are ... ...s creditor and debtor. However, no matter what type of dealing a client with an Islamic bank, their relationship will never be debtor and creditor. For example, under Mudharabah basic, the relationship between a bank and a client is investor and entrepreneur only. Moreover, when doing investments in conventional banks for example doing an savings in conventional bank for a certain period, the bank has to guarantee all its deposits when maturity, regardless the bank is loss money in an unexpected business failure. However, for Islamic bank, if based on al-wadiah principle, Islamic bank will only guarantee deposits for all deposit accounts but if under mudharabah principle, client have to share the loss if loss exist. Therefore, both Islamic and conventional banks have a totally different way in their operation although the service they provide is almost the same.

Business Loan Procedure

Investigation On Business Loan Procedure: In activity 2, we have been asked to do investigating business loan procedure in three high street bank. We have been through some high street banks like HSBC, Barclays, Lloyds TSB, Santander, and Halifax. Among the five popular high street bank we have got three banks which are helping investor about business loan. They are- 1. HSBC 2. Lloyds TSB 3. Barclays Process Of Business Loan Application:In order to give a business loan every bank follows some specific criteria, which are given below. 1. Deciding on business finance 2. Contacting with bank 3. Building a finance application 4. Application’s assessment 5. Business manager makes initial decision 6. Business manager works with credit team 7. The credit manager role 8. Business manager explains the decision. Key Features and benefits of Three High Street Banks: Barclays: 1. Barclays bank offers ? 1,000 to ? 25,000. 2. Loan repayment term is 1- 10 years. . Interest rate is fixed. 4. 6 months repayment holiday available. 5. No early repayment fees. HSBC: 1. Business loan limit is ? 1,000 to ? 25,000. 2. Loan repayment term is 1to 10 years. 3. Fixed interest rate. 4. Funds can be credited on the same day when agreed. 5. Rebate facilities for the early repayment. 6. ?100 loan arrangement fee. Lloyds TSB: 1. ?1,000 to ? 1,00,000 business loan limit is available. 2. Loan repayment term is 12months to 10 years. 3. Fixed interest rate. 4. 1. 5% loan arrangement fee. . Fund availability is not guaranteed on the same when agreed. In conclusion, the basic process to get a business loan is almost similar for every bank. However in order to prefer a suitable business loan should be considered on maximum limit of the loan, interest rate of the loan and how flexible to repay the loan. After go through all of these criteria we think Barclays is the most suitable bank for our business to get the loan as they have repayment holiday facility, and good public support.

Unfortunate Incident At Your Restaurant

Dear manager of Bella NapoliI am writing to you because of an unfortunate incident yesterday at noontime. You see, what happened was that my son and I wanted to enjoy a beverage and maybe something to eat, but we couldn’t get a table. According to your waiter, all tables were reserved. This, I am sure wasn’t the case, as the restaurant was totally empty†¦Therefore I am writing this complaint to you, as I don’t want to be treated that way. I was actually in a good mood but that incompetent waiter practically ruined my day. I was speaking Italy, but the rude waiter apparently did not understand it. Nevertheless, I wanted to point out to you, that one of your waiters had bad manners, and that I find this unacceptable.I – before this incident – had a good impression of your restaurant, but unless I am going to be given a proper and formal apology, this was my last time at your restaurant. Furthermore I will spread the word, this will be very unplea sant for your restaurant and will affect your sales.I hope I have made myself very clear. The formal apology must be given within 14 days or else the word will spread and I will consider legal actions.I look forward to hearing from you soon,Yours faithfullyJohn Collins